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Guide Authors:
Chris Hollister & Tiffany Walsh

Last Updated: Aug. 27, 2009

Home > Find Library Materials > Resources by Subject > Citing Sources > Online Sources

See examples:

Web page | Online posting | Email message
YouTube video | Podcast

Web page

APA	U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2007, February 8). Endangered Species Program. Retrieved from http://www.fws.gov/endangered/ National Baseball Hall of Fame. (n.d.). Roberto Clemente. Retrieved from http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/hofer_bios/Clemente_Roberto.htm
MLA	"Endangered Species Program." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 8 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Feb. 2007. "Roberto Clemente." National Baseball Hall of Fame. Web. 28 Feb. 2007.
Chicago	U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 8 February 2007. Endangered Species Program. http://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (accessed February 28, 2007). National Baseball Hall of Fame. "Roberto Clemente." http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/hofer_bios/Clemente_Roberto.htm (accessed February 28, 2007).
CSE	Endangered Species Program [Internet]. Washington: Fish & Wildlife Service (US); [updated 2007 Feb 8; cited 2007 Feb 28]. Available from: http://www.fws.gov/endangered/.

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Online posting

APA	Siemens, G. (2007, February 26). Connectivism: What's happening with content? [Web log message].Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/media/Calgary/player.html
MLA	Siemens, George. "Connectivism: What's happening with content?" elearnspace Blog. N.p., 26 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Feb. 2007.
Chicago	Siemens, George. 26 February 2007. "Connectivism: What's happening with content?" In elearnspace Blog [online discussion board]. http://www.elearnspace.org/media/Calgary/player.html (accessed February 28, 2007).
CSE	Siemens G (Hospitality Department, Red River College, Winnipeg, MB, Canada). Connectivism: What's happening with content?. In: elearnspace Blog [discussion list on the Internet]; 2007 Feb 26 [cited 2007 Feb 28]. [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.elearnspace.org/blog/.

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Email message

APA	Electronic mailing list/Listserv: Kearns, A. (2007, February 2). Freshmen courses and iPod tours [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from http://lists.ala.org/wws/arc/ili-l/2007-02/msg00019.html Personal communication: [No example provided in current edition.]
MLA	Electronic mailing list/Listserv: Kearns, Andrew. "Freshmen Courses and iPod Tours" Message to the ILI-L Discussion List. 2 Feb. 2007. E-mail. Personal communication: Widzinski, Lori. "RE: Bald Eagle Sighting." Message to Renee Bush. 1 Mar. 2007. E-mail.
Chicago	Electronic mailing list/Listserv: [According to the Chicago Style manual, an email message posted to an electronic discussion list should not be cited in the reference list. Instead, it should be cited within the text as a personal communication (section 17.236, p. 714).] Personal communication: [According to the Chicago Style manual, a personal email message should not be cited in the reference list. Instead, it should be cited within the text as a personal communication (section 17.208, p. 706-707).]
CSE	Electronic mailing list/Listserv: [No example provided in current edition.] Personal communication: Widzinski L . RE: Bald Eagle Sighting [electronic mail on the Internet]. Message to: Renee Bush. 2007 Mar 1 [cited 2007 Aug 8].

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YouTube video

APA	Siemens, G. (2007, September 2). The changing nature of knowledge [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg
MLA	Siemens, George. "The Changing Nature of Knowledge." YouTube.com 2 Sept. 2007. Web. 8 July 2009.
Chicago	[No example provided in current edition.]
CSE	Citation-Sequence Siemens G. The changing nature of knowledge. YouTube.com [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2009 July 8]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg Name-Year Siemens G. 2007. The changing nature of knowledge [Internet]. YouTube.com; [cited 2009 July 8]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg

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Podcast

APA	Vatican Radio. (Producer). (2009, August 26). The voice of the Pope [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.radiovaticana.org/en1/rss_feeds.asp
MLA	Benedict XVI. "The Voice of the Pope." Vatican Radio. Vatican Radio, 26 Aug. 2009. Web. 27 Aug. 2009.
Chicago	[No example provided in current edition.]
CSE	[No example provided in current edition.]

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